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Since William the Conqueror claimed the English throne, succession has been determined by bequest, battle, primogeniture, and parliament.

William I

On his deathbed, William the Conqueror accorded the Duchy of Normandy to his eldest son Robert Curthose, the Kingdom of England to his son William Rufus, and money for his youngest son Henry Beauclerc for him to buy land.

In , James VI succeeded to the English throne on the death of his cousin Elizabeth I with no direct heirs.

Queen Elizabeth appointing her Successor (Queen Elizabeth I) by James Neagle, published by Robert Bowyer, after Robert Smirke line engraving, published

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High quality digital portrait print, made to order to your choice of size, paper finish, and frame, from the National Portrait Gallery Collection.

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Thus, with William I's death on 9 September , the heir to the throne was William Rufus (born ), third son of William I.

William II

William II had no children. He and his elder brother Robert previously agreed to be each other's heir.

However, on his death, on 2 August , Robert was away on crusade. Their younger brother, Henry Beauclerc, had the nobility elect him as king.

James VI and I became King of Scotland in , aged just 13 months, following the abdication of his mother, Mary Queen of Scots.

Henry later warred with Robert and by treaty was recognised as king.

Henry I

The succession to Henry I was altered by the death of his son, William Adelin. Left without male heirs